Candidate genes for nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate and maternal cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption: Evaluation of genotype-environment interactions from a population-based case-control study of orofacial clefts

Teratology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Romitti ◽  
Andrew C. Lidral ◽  
Ronald G. Munger ◽  
Sandra Daack-Hirsch ◽  
Trudy L. Burns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
Maternal Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals The International Family Study of Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts: Design and Methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110189
Author(s):  
Allyn Auslander ◽  
Roberta McKean-Cowdin ◽  
Devin Feigelson ◽  
Frederick Brindopke ◽  
Melissa DiBona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
Control Study

Background: The majority of research to understand the risk factors of nonsyndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFCs) has been conducted in high-income populations. Although patients with NSOFCs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are at the highest risk of not receiving care, global health infrastructure allows innovative partnerships to explore the etiologic mechanisms of cleft and targets for prevention unique to these populations. Methods: The International Family Study (IFS) is an ongoing case–control study with supplemental parental trio data designed to examine genetic, environmental, lifestyle, and sociodemographic risk factors for NSOFCs in 8 LMICs (through August 2020). Interview and biological samples are collected for each family. The interview includes demographics, family history of cleft, diet and water sources, maternal pregnancy history, and other lifestyle and environmental factors. Results: Seven of 8 countries are currently summarized (2012-2017) for a total of 2955 case and 2774 control families with 11 946 unique biological samples from Vietnam, Philippines, Honduras, Madagascar, Morocco, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Nicaragua. The phenotype distribution was 1641 (55.5%) cases with cleft lip and palate, 782 (26.5%) with cleft lip (CL), and 432 (14.6%) with cleft palate (CP). Discussion: The International Family Study is the largest case set of NSOFCs with an associated biobank in LMICs currently assembled. The biobank, family, and case–control study now include samples from 8 LMICs where local health care infrastructure cannot address the surgical burden of cleft or investigate causal mechanisms. The International Family Study can be a source of information and may collaborate with local public health institutions regarding education and interventions to potentially prevent NSOFCs.

A population-based case-control study of the relationship between cigarette smoking and nasopharyngeal cancer (United States)

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangmin Zhu ◽  
Robert S. Levine ◽  
Edward A. Brann ◽  
Douglas R. Gnepp ◽  
Marianna K. Baum
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Genetic Polymorphism of Glutathione S Transferases M1 and T1 in Indian Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Asim ◽  
Luqman A. Khan ◽  
S. A. Husain ◽  
Sajid Husain ◽  
Manash P. Sarma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Gstt1 Null Genotype ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

Objective:Our aim was to evaluate whether the association of GSTM1/T1 gene polymorphisms modifies the risk of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and what is its correlation with other predisposing risk factors like alcohol intake, cigarette smoking and hepatitis B and C infections.Study design/setting:It was a case-control study, included 254 HCC cases compared with 525 hospital-based age and sex matched cases of chronic liver disease without HCC as controls from Indian population. The GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes were detected using conventional multiplex PCR method.Results:In this case-control study, we observed a positive correlation between age, HBV and HCV infection, smoking habit of > 20 packs/year, alcohol consumption of > 100 g/day and risk of liver cancer. We found significantly increased risk associated with GSTM1 null genotype (OR = 3.49; 95% CI = 2.52–4.84) as well as GSTT1 null genotype (OR = 3.12; 95% CI = 2.19–4.45), respectively. However, an increased risk of HCC was observed among heavy drinkers with GSTM1 (OR = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.11–3.66). Further, cigarette smoking showed a non-significant association with GSTT1 (OR = 1.49; CI = 0.69–3.25).Conclusion:Our results suggest that the variants in low penetrance gene such as GSTM1 and GSTT1 are associated with an increased liver cancer risk. Further, an influence of GSTM1/T1 null genotypes may contribute in the etiology of HCC in patients with higher cigarette and alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals Moderate alcohol consumption may protect against overt autoimmune hypothyroidism: a population-based case–control study

2012 ◽  
Vol 167 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Carlé ◽  
Inge Bülow Pedersen ◽  
Nils Knudsen ◽  
Hans Perrild ◽  
Lars Ovesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Autoimmune Hypothyroidism ◽  
Normal Thyroid Function ◽  
Control Study

ObjectiveAlcohol consumption is an important protective risk factor for many autoimmune diseases. We wished to study the association between alcohol consumption and autoimmune hypothyroidism.DesignPopulation-based, case–control study, 1997–2001, Denmark.MethodsPatients with newly diagnosed autoimmune overt hypothyroidism (n=140) were prospectively identified in a population (2 027 208 person-years of observation), and their matched controls with normal thyroid function (n=560) were recruited simultaneously from the same population. Participants gave information on alcohol intake, smoking, previous diseases, education, and family history of hypothyroidism. The association between alcohol intake and development of hypothyroidism was analyzed in conditional regression models.ResultsHypothyroid cases had reported a lower alcohol consumption than controls (median units of alcohol (12 g) per week: 3 vs 5,P=0.002). In a multivariate regression model, alcohol consumption was associated with a reduction in risk for development of overt autoimmune hypothyroidism. Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) compared with the reference group with a recent (last year) consumption of 1–10 units of alcohol per week were as follows: 0 units/week, 1.98 (1.21–3.33); 11–20 units/week, 0.41 (0.20–0.83); and ≥21 units/week, 0.90 (0.41–2.00). Similar results were found for maximum previous alcohol consumption during a calendar year. No interaction was found with type of alcohol consumed (wine vs beer), sex, or region of inhabitancy.ConclusionsAlcohol consumption seems to confer considerable protection against development of overt autoimmune hypothyroidism irrespective of sex and type of alcohol consumed.

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